A Pneumatology of Race in the Gospel of John

“Estrada breaks new ground in Johannine studies with his valuable contribution from the approach of ethnicity research. Along the way Estrada addresses respectfully a range of views in Johannine scholarship and engages a range of backgrounds for the Fourth Gospel. I find particularly fresh and valuable his ethnographic study of material in Aristotle, the Hippocratic corpus, and other ancient sources.”


—Craig S. Keener, F. M. and Ada Thompson Professor of Biblical Studies, Asbury Theological Seminary, author of The Gospel of John: A Commentary





“In this important book, Rodolfo Estrada helpfully interprets John’s pneumatology in the light of religious, ethnic, and sociological tensions then and now, illuminating how John’s message might help today’s readers transcend such divisions and boundaries. Not only is this a good book; it offers an invaluable key to overcoming prejudice, dehumanization, and hatred across the bounds of time and space. A must-read for ethnicity and biblical studies alike!”


—Paul N. Anderson, Professor of Biblical and Quaker Studies, George Fox University, Extraordinary Professor of Religion, North-West University of Potchefstroom, South Africa





“Estrada provides a much-needed ethnocritical re-examination of the Johannine community, yielding an enriching matrix for understanding and evaluating contemporary ethno-racial relations within the people of the Spirit—the church. By demonstrating that racial and ethnic negotiations are embedded in the Fourth Gospel itself, Estrada gifts the reader with a valuable Spirit-Paraclete ethic for engaging present-day oppressive ethnic ideologies that threaten to dehumanize others within and without the walls of the church.”


—Sammy Alfaro, Professor of Theology, Grand Canyon Theological Seminary & College of Theology