Subversive Meals
An Analysis of the Lord's Supper under Roman Domination during the First Century
Imprint: Pickwick Publications
Subversive Meals examines the Lord's Supper within the sociopolitical context of first-century Roman domination, and concludes that it was an anti-imperial praxis.
Although the Christian communal meal looked much like a typical Roman banquet in structure, with a deipnon and a symposion, it was essentially different. The Roman meal supported the empire's ideology, honored Caesar and the gods, reinforced stratification among the masses, and upheld Rome's right to rule the world. The Christian meal, on the other hand, included hymns that extolled Jesus as Lord, prophecies that challenged Rome's ideological claims, and letters--read aloud--that promoted egalitarianism and instructed believers on how to live according to kingdom of God principles. Hence, the Christian banquet was an act of nonviolent resistance, or what James C. Scott calls a "hidden transcript."
R. Alan Streett (PhD, University of Wales) is Senior Research Professor of Biblical Exegesis and the W. A. Criswell Endowed Chair of Expository Preaching at Criswell College, Dallas, Texas.
"Worship is politics. Alan Streett sets the Lord's Supper in the context of Passover and Jesus's mealtime teaching to argue astutely that it was an anti-imperial praxis. It contested Roman rule, ideology, and stratified social practice with theological and christological counter-assertions and egalitarian social practices. Streett's insightful argument makes a significant contribution to recasting understandings of the Lord's Supper."
--Warren Carter, Professor of New Testament, Brite Divinity School
"The concept behind this book is brilliant, and Streett has given it a thorough and judicious study. This book will serve as a benchmark for future scholarly debates about early Christian meals and anti-imperial rhetoric."
--Dennis E. Smith, Professor of New Testament, Phillips Theological Seminary
"The Passover meal was a celebration of liberation from the ancient Egyptian empire. So if the Lord's Supper continued the tradition of the Passover celebration, as Streett contends, wasn't it a celebration of liberation from the Roman empire? Alan Streett has connected the dots in a careful, step-by-step analysis and argument. For those loyal to a Lord who transcended Caesar as Lord, the Supper quickly became the central ceremony of their cohesive communities, which collectively formed an alternative, anti-imperial society."
--Richard A. Horsley, Distinguished Professor of Liberal Arts and Religion, University of Massachusetts
"Working especially with the New Testament writings of Luke and Paul, Streett demonstrates the surprisingly political significance of the Lord's Supper. That is, the Supper had not only to do with the church's internal life, but it spoke profoundly of the church's rejection of Roman imperial ideology and the practices by which it was propagated. The consequences of this study are both historically important and theologically challenging, since Streett's work participates in the ongoing destruction of the walls that separate theology and practice, and worship and politics."
--Joel B. Green, Professor of New Testament Interpretation, Fuller Theological Seminary